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Climate activist Greta Thunberg fined again for a climate protest in Sweden_我的网站

一 |     欧几里得红外太空望远镜原定于今年从位于法属圭亚那库鲁的欧洲航天港发射升空。    STOCKHOLM -- A Swedish court on Wednesday fined climate activist Greta Thunberg once again for disobeying police during an environmental protest in July in southern Sweden.The Malmo District Court ordered her to pay a 2,250 kroner ($206) fine.Thunberg, who already had been fined for a similar offense, took part in a July 24 environmental protest at an oil terminal in Malmo, where activists temporarily blocked access to the facility by sitting down and were removed by police.On Sept. 15, she was charged with disobedience to law enforcement for refusing to obey police asking her to leave the scene. She then was dragged away by two uniformed officers. Thunberg, 20, has admitted to the facts but denied guilt, saying the fight against the fossil fuel industry was a form of self-defense due to the existential and global threat of the climate crisis.”We have the science on our side and we have morality on our side. Nothing in the world can change that and so it is. I am ready to act based on the conditions that exist and whether it leads to more sentences,” she said after the verdict. On June 24, the same court fined her 2,500 kronor (about $230) for refusing to obey police orders when taking part in a similar demonstration the previous month where she and others blocked access to the same oil terminal days earlier and were removed by police.On Thursday, the Swede is due to travel to neighboring Norway to take part in a protest with activists, including Indigenous Sami. They're protesting a wind farm of 151 turbines and want it removed because they say it endangers the reindeer herders’ way of life. The activists say a transition to green energy shouldn’t come at the expense of the rights of Indigenous people.Two years ago, Norway’s Supreme Court ruled that the construction of the turbines had violated the rights of the Sami, who have used the land for reindeer for centuries. The Norwegian government has no plans to remove the wind farm.Thunberg inspired a global youth movement demanding stronger efforts to fight climate change after staging weekly protests outside the Swedish Parliament starting in 2018.。但由于ESA中断与俄罗斯航天局的联系，两家机构停止关于从法属圭亚那发射联盟号火箭的合作事宜，俄罗斯航天局还从发射场撤走了87名员工。这一结果导致欧几里得太空望远镜不会搭乘俄罗斯联盟号火箭前往太空。ESA开始寻求用其他火箭发射太空望远镜，其中也包括美国的私人航天企业。据报道，NASA天体物理学部门主任马克·克拉姆平（Mark Clampin）周一在NASA天体物理学咨询委员会一次会议上表示，ESA可能会在2023年中后期用SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭发射欧几里得望远镜。今年8月，ESA总干事约瑟夫·阿什巴赫(Josef Aschbacher)在接受采访时表示，ESA正在与埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)的SpaceX公司就使用猎鹰火箭实施发射任务进行初步讨论。

二 | 当时，ESA还在SpaceX、日本或印度提供的火箭之间进行权衡。

三 | 但阿什巴赫说，SpaceX“在这些火箭中更具操作性，肯定是我们正在考虑的备用发射计划之一”。ESA的另一个选择是法国阿丽亚娜太空公司的重型运载火箭，但新一代阿丽亚娜6号火箭的首飞要到明年才会进行。而ESA当下正面临着为联盟号火箭寻找替代火箭的压力。ESA的阿什巴赫表示：“这是一个警钟，让我们意识到我们一直太依赖俄罗斯的联盟号火箭了。”欧洲航天局并不是唯一需要寻找替代火箭的机构。今年3月份，俄罗斯停止向美国供应火箭发动机，这使得诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司宣布，将与萤火虫航空公司合作制造一款火箭，从而不再需要俄罗斯火箭发动机。然而，在新火箭准备就绪之前，为了执行与NASA签署的太空货运合同，诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司不得不用SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭将天鹅座宇宙飞船送往国际空间站。英国OneWeb公司也被迫与竞争对手SpaceX以及印度空间研究组织ISRO签署了一份合同，计划在今年晚些时候用这两家机构的火箭分6次将第一代互联网卫星送入轨道。从可行性角度来看，SpaceX的火箭最合适替代联盟号火箭，公司也正在接纳来自欧洲市场的新客户。猎鹰9号火箭计划在2022年12月发射SWOT测高卫星，这是NASA、法国航天局、加拿大航天局和英国航天局探测地表水和海洋地形的一项联合任务。

四 | 今年猎鹰9号还有多达18次发射，而SpaceX的主要精力会放在更多的轨道旅行上。

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